Rapid mining of coal roadway is an important guarantee for the mine to improve the speed of single mining, solve the contradiction of mining and promote the mechanization of coal mines. It is the configuration problem between the three major processes of rock breaking, support and shipping in the optimization of coal roadway mining. The scientific and reasonable empty roof distance is the premise of safe and rapid mining of roadway. The No. 2 coal auxiliary transportation roadway mining of Yanshupo Mine of Yangquan Mining Group was taken as the engineering background, with the combination of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation and engineering practice, based on stress distribution, displacement change and plastic zone distribution of the surrounding rock, the influence of the rapid heading distance on the surrounding rock stability was revealed, when the empty roof distance did not exceed 5 m, the surrounding rock stability was better, more than 5 m, the stability factors of surrounding rock increased dramatically. The original excavation process was optimized to effectively solve the problems of frequent alternating mining operations, realizing safe and efficient production of fully mechanized excavation working face, saving mine capital construction cost and speeding up mine construction speed.