The exposed collapse column has a serious influence on the stability of roadway surrounding rock. Baozigou Mine 2311 working face was taken as the engineering background, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were used to study the stress distribution of the surrounding rock in the area affected by the collapsed column, and to analyze the characteristics of the deformation and destruction of the surrounding rock under different development heights of  collapsed column and different mining speeds. The results showed that the radius of the plastic zone of the X63 fallen column was 30.45 m and the radius of the stress increase zone was 79 m. The slower the excavation speed, the more serious the deformation and destruction of the surrounding rock of the roadway; the greater the height of the development of the collapsed column, the more serious the destruction of the surrounding rock of the roadway; the conventional support scheme can not ensure the stability of the roadway, the anchoring technology is one of the effective methods for the control of the surrounding rock of this type of roadway.