In order to solve the problem of large deformation of surrounding rock under the original support scheme of the air return roadway of 2-559 working face in Xinzhi Mine, based on the specific characteristics of deformation of the roadway under the original support, numerical simulation was used to support the surrounding rock under the original support of the roadway. The distribution characteristics of the plastic zone of the stress gauge were simulated and analyzed. It was concluded that the main support exists mainly because the anchor strength was low and the pre-tightening force was small. Combined with the numerical simulation results, the support parameters of the return airway were optimized, and the numerical values were used. The feasibility of the simulation verification optimization scheme was implemented. The results showed that after the optimized support scheme was adopted, the maximum value of the approaching amount of the top and bottom of the roadway was 143 mm, and the maximum value of the approaching amount of the two sides was 139mm, which ensured the stability of the surrounding rock of the mining roadway.