In order to fully understand the stress distribution law and top coal movement law of the 2107 fully mechanized top coal caving face, numerical simulation was used to study the stress distribution law of the working face. Through theoretical analysis and field measurement, according to the top coal was divided into complete area, fracture extension area and scattered area, and the movement law of top coal was analyzed specifically based on the measured results. The results showed that during the mining process of the 2107 fully mechanized caving face, the depth of plastic failure of the top coal was basically 4 m, and the peak value of the advanced bearing pressure appeared 8 m to 16 m ahead of the coal wall, the bulk area was 5 ~ 6 m back of the coal wall, the fracture extension area was ahead of coal wall 35 m, and the complete area was more than 35 m in front of the coal wall.