In order to study the general law of surrounding rock deformation of 13102 working face in Zhengxing Coal Industry, the variation law of mining stress field, stress distribution law of top and bottom plates and propagation law of close coal seam working face are analyzed theoretically,criteria for analyzing the impact ground pressure of close-distance coal seams from the critical maximum principal stress criterion and energy criterion.The mechanical model of the occurrence of impact rock pressure in close distance coal seam is established.The mechanism of impact pressure on close coal seams was studied from time and space, and the types of impact pressure of close coal seams were analyzed.The results show that the deformation of the surrounding rock in the deep roadway is large, the deformation tends to be stable for a long time, the bottom drum is obvious, and the frequency and intensity of the impact ground pressure are large.