This paper discusses the integrated application of shearer intelligent path planning and drum adaptive control system, aiming at improving the operation efficiency and safety of coal mining process. By using the hybrid strategy of improved A algorithm and genetic algorithm, the path planning of shearer is optimized under complex geological conditions, the operation accuracy is enhanced and the energy consumption is reduced. In addition, the drum control system uses a fuzzy neural network model to dynamically adjust key parameters such as drum height and speed to adapt to changes in the coal seam. The experimental results show that the proposed system has achieved remarkable results in improving the efficiency of coal mining and prolonging the service life of equipment.