In view of the problem of difficult roof collapse in the initial mining stage of the first mining face under the condition of hard roof, No. 36401 first mining face of Xiegou Mine was taken as the background, and theoretical analysis and field test methods were comprehensively used to carry out research. By establishing a mechanical model for the initial collapse of the roof, the initial collapse step distance without weakening intervention was calculated to be 77 meters. Based on rock control theory, a comprehensive hydraulic fracturing weakening treatment technology integrating "directional long drilling+conventional short drilling" was proposed, and the weakening mechanism of this technology on hard roof was analyzed in depth. The study had determined a reasonable range of fracturing impact: 12.26~23.26 m in the vertical direction and 0~30.6 m in the horizontal direction. On site fracturing data showed that the peak pressure of long borehole fracturing exceeded 26 MPa, and the peak pressure of short borehole fracturing exceeded 52 MPa. Significant pressure drops occurred during the fracturing process, with the maximum drop reaching 26 MPa, achieving effective weakening and transformation of the roof rock layer. After the implementation of the governance project, the mining pressure in the working face showed a "frequent small pressure" characteristic, which was significantly different from the strong mining pressure risk state before the governance. This fully verified the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing weakening technology and provided a guarantee for the safe mining during the initial mining period of No. 36401 Face.