The common types of factors that led to coal mine permeability accidents were analyzed, four aspects of people, objects, environment and management were studied, a mine permeability accident tree analysis model was established, and the hidden combinations that led to permeability accidents were calculated through the minimum cut set. An evaluation model with the hierarchical analysis method was established based on the accident tree model. The combination of accident tree and hierarchical analysis method provided theoretical guidance for the analysis and comprehensive evaluation of the causes of mine permeability accidents.