聚氨酯注浆材料固化动力学及性能对比研究

doi:10.19286/j.cnki.cci.2026.10.031

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摘要

针对硅酸盐改性聚氨酯与聚氨酯两类加固材料开展制备工艺与性能表征研究。分别配置其A、B双组分，系统制备2种聚氨酯加固材料。依据相关行业与国家标准分别测定材料固化反应温度及早期抗压强度，利用原位红外光谱技术，通过异氰酸酯特征峰与参考峰强度变化计算异氰酸酯相对消耗量，建立固化反应动力学模型，求解反应速率常数。结果表明，硅酸盐的固化过程放热远小于纯聚氨酯聚合，硅酸盐的加入提高了材料的密度和热容，降低了反应速率；2种材料呈现截然不同的强度发展轨迹与破坏模式，但其早期强度都超过40 MPa；通过FTIR谱图得到NCO基团的实时转化率，进而构建二级反应动力学模型，计算得知纯聚氨酯体系的二级反应速率常数k为0.004 36。

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	刘伟华1
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	于潇沣1
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	王蒙1
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	秦雪飞1
	2
	张开源1
	2
	王凯1
	2

关键词 ：聚氨酯, 催化剂, 固化动力学, 力学行为, 原位红外, 反应速率常数

Abstract：

The preparation processes and performance characterization of two types of reinforcement materials: silicate-modified polyurethane and polyurethane were investigated. The A and B components were separately prepared, and two types of polyurethane reinforcement materials were subsequently synthesized using the system. The curing reaction temperature and early compressive strength of the material were determined in accordance with relevant industry standards and national standards, respectively. Using in-situ infrared spectroscopy, the relative consumption of isocyanate was calculated based on the intensity changes of characteristic peaks of isocyanate and reference peaks; subsequently, a curing reaction kinetic model was established to determine the reaction rate constant. The results indicate that the exothermic heat released during the curing process of silicates is significantly lower than that of pure polyurethane polymerization; the addition of silicates increases the density and heat capacity of the material while reducing the reaction rate. The two materials exhibit distinctly different strength development trajectories and failure modes, yet their early-stage strength values both exceed 40 MPa. By employing FTIR spectroscopy to determine the real-time conversion rate of NCO groups, a second-order reaction kinetic model was established, and calculations revealed that the second-order reaction rate constant (k) for the pure polyurethane system is 0.004 36.

Key words： polyurethane catalyst curing kinetics mechanical beharior in situ infrared spectroscopy reaction rate constant

基金资助:

煤炭科学技术研究院科技发展基金项目（2024QN-09）；天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目（2024-TD-ZD022-01）

作者简介: 刘伟华（ 1999— ），男，河北衡水人，助理工程师。

引用本文:

刘伟华1,2，于潇沣1,2，王蒙1,2，秦雪飞1,2，张开源1,2，王凯1,2. 聚氨酯注浆材料固化动力学及性能对比研究[J]. 煤炭与化工, 2026, 49(10): 147-151. Liu Weihua1,2, Yu Xiaofeng1,2, Wang Meng1,2, Qin Xuefei1,2, Zhang Kaiyuan1,2, Wang Kai1,2. Comparative study on curing kinetics and properties of polyurethane grouting materials. CCI, 2026, 49(10): 147-151.

链接本文:

http://www.mtyhg.com.cn/CN/10.19286/j.cnki.cci.2026.10.031 或 http://www.mtyhg.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V49/I10/147

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