In order to study the permeability characteristics of mine fire-fighting gel foam, this paper takes water, foam, gel and gel foam as the research objects, and analyzes the permeability characteristics of different materials in coal through permeability experiments and viscosity tests. The results showed that the gel foam had both the permeability of the foam and the coverage of the gel, and the penetration mass was 7.57 g at 60 min, showing excellent balance performance. The viscosity test results show that the viscosity of the system is negatively correlated with the permeability. The initial viscosity of the gel foam is low and gradually increases with time, which is closely related to the three-dimensional network structure formed by the reaction of the gel and the crosslinking agent. The research results show that the gel foam shows certain permeability and excellent coverage in the coal fracture, which provides experimental basis and theoretical reference for improving the efficiency of fire prevention and extinguishing in coal mines and optimizing the gel foam system.