3096 working face of Donghuantuo Mine was taken as an example, the causes of goaf water breakout due to mining in a complex environment were analyzed, and the importance and difficulty of preventing and controlling goaf water damage in mines was discussed. Water prevention and control work in mines should be further strengthened, the work ideas should be expanded, with constantly improved working methods, scientific analysis, comprehensive consideration of the various factors, the analysis of dynamic factors and human influence, ensured the effectiveness of goaf water prevention and control.