In order to analyze the damage level of surface highways and buildings after caving in the S5-12 working face of Wangzhuang Mine in Changcun, probability integral method was adopted to predict the surface deformation after mining in the S5-12 working face. It could be seen from the predicted results that the inclination value and horizontal deformation value in the range of highway and building exceeded the first-level protection standard; In order to ensure the safety of surface roads and buildings after mining, and to maximize the recovery of coal resources, the scope of protecting coal pillars was determined, and some limited thickness mining schemes were designed. The combination of probability integral method and distance power inverse ratio method was used. The surface deformation of the S5-12 working face after limited thickness mining was predicted, and the safety of roads and buildings could be ensured when the mining thickness within the protective coal column was less than 3.5 m.