At present, main methods of govern the oil contaminated soil are incineration, curing, chemical leaching and washing etc.. It cannot be widely used because of the presence of large investment, easy to produce secondary pollution and other issues. Because of the characteristics such as large area of repair, low cost, effective and no secondary pollution, bioremediation technology has been increasingly applied in actual production and engineering. The principles of microbial remediation, research progress of microbial remediation technology on oil contaminated soilboth at home and abroad in recent years were summarized. It was pointed out that with the increasingly development of molecular biology, genetic engineering, cloning technology, research and application of microbial technology level also unceasingly thorough, microbial technology will become the key technology for the treatment of oil contaminated soil.