Aiming at the technical problem of serious deformation of roadway surrounding rock under the action of excavation disturbance, No.15109 transport roadway and return air roadway in Baoan Mine were selected as the research object. The mechanical mechanism analysis, field monitoring and numerical simulation were used to explain the mechanical mechanism and surrounding rock response characteristics of excavation disturbance effect of adjacent roadway. The main parameters of excavation disturbance were quantitatively analyzed by constructing a numerical model of multi-roadway interaction. The results showed that the characteristics of crack propagation in the shallow surface of surrounding rock under disturbance were obvious, and there were differentiation characteristics in the range of 8 m, while the structural integrity of deep rock mass was good. The mining response period showed time-effect characteristics, and the disturbance duration period was about 5 days. The horizontal spacing had a more significant disturbance effect than the vertical spacing. The shear strength parameters ( friction angle φ, cohesion c ) of rock mass were sensitive to the disturbance response, while the tensile characteristics were not significantly related to the stability of surrounding rock. After optimizing the supporting parameters of the roadway, the maximum settlement of the roof was about 28 mm, the convergence value of the side was controlled within the range of 53 mm, and the deformation of the surrounding rock was reduced by 62 %, which verified the engineering applicability of support parameter optimization.