In order to solve the engineering problems such as large deformation of roadway caused by multiple disturbances in the process of coal seam mining, based on the engineering background of Sheng 'an Mine, the influence of upper and lower coal seam mining on the plastic zone and displacement evolution of roadway surrounding rock were systematically analyzed by means of borehole peeping and numerical simulation. The results showed that the cyclic disturbance of ' mining-unloading-reloading ' in the mining process of close-distance coal seam group would lead to the accumulation of surrounding rock deformation of roadway. The mining of the upper coal seam mainly caused the local expansion of the plastic zone of the roof and floor, while the mining of the lower coal seam led to the large-scale development of the plastic zone and the displacement zone, and the two sides of the roadway showed asymmetric failure characteristics. At the same time, the repeated mining of adjacent working faces would affect the surrounding rock of the roadway, but because there was no residual coal pillar, the overall stress was at a low level, and the roof displacement was relatively small. The research results were the basis and practical guidance for the development of targeted, economical and reasonable roadway support.