Abstract: To study the ordinary peanut oil and high oleic acid peanut oil fatty acid composition and the difference, this paper adopted the method of national standard of peanut oil to go after the methyl ester, respectively on the gas chromatographic analyzer for ordinary peanut oil and the high oleic acid peanut oil fatty acid composition were analyzed, the results show that ordinary peanut oil and the high oleic acid peanut oil fatty acid composition, check out 15 respectively. The main groups of common peanut oil were oleic acid 39.59%, linoleic acid 39.00%, palmitic acid 11.27%, stearic acid 3.59%. The main groups of high oleic acid peanut oil are oleic acid 67.45%, linoleic acid 13.59%, palmitic acid 7.44%, stearic acid 3.02%. By comparing the two fatty acids, this paper concluded that high oleic acid peanut oil has higher nutritional value, stability and product development value.