In order to improve the level of bolt support for surrounding rock with high stress and large deformation, the cause of failure of bolt support in large deformation surrounding rock was analyzed, energy-absorbing supporting and bolts coupling support with the large-deformed surrounding rock can improve the supporting ability of the bolts. By analyzing the compression test of yielding energy-absorbing components and contrasting experiment on the influence of load-bearing and deformability of anchor, the ordinary anchor rod with yield and energy-absorbing components was added with components at the tail, which can greatly increase the allowable deformation of anchor support, applied to the large deformation of surrounding rock can effectively reduce the failure of the anchor rod due to large deformation. Yield and energy-absorbing components with single-bubbling were easy to connect in series, with a stable bearing capacity while absorbing energy, it was effective to improve the level of bolt support in high stress and large deformation roadways.