For a long time, the research of hydraulic fracturing of coal bed gas is more emphasis on the study of fracturing technology, consideration on the impact of geological factors is not enough, so the effect of fracturing is not obvious. Based on the materials of drilling, well logging and core analysis and test data in the target zone, the main coal seam of coal and rock pore fissure developmental characteristics, and the permeability characteristics were analyzed. The results show that coal seam permeability in Shizhuang south block and the adjacent area changes a lot on the plane, the general ranges is between 0.01~0.3 mD and the average is above 0.09 mD. Based on coal rock permeability and coal rock sensitivity test, the main geological factors of coal seam permeability and sensitivity were determined. The results show that with the increase of ground stress, the index is decrease, and the permeability of coal reservoir is significantly influenced by the increase of ground stress gradient; with the increase of elasticity modulus, the compressibility of rock is decreased, and the impact on permeability is gradually decreased.