Aiming at the problem of geological disasters in shallow coal mines, high density electrical method was used for detection. The method had the characteristics of high data acquisition density, high observation accuracy and high construction efficiency. It could directly reflect the spatial distribution and electrical difference information of underground target bodies. By analyzing the geological strata in the study area, the low-resistance body and high-resistance body models were established, and reasonable device parameters were selected to obtain geoelectric information data in line with geological laws, so as to find out the spatial information effect of shallow coal mines and prevent and control the specific geological problems of shallow space caused by poor geological bodies. At the same time, it provided basic information for the later development of environmental governance and safety production.