Aiming at the problems of severe deformation, frequent floor heave and failure of conventional support of main track roadway in kilometer-deep mines under high in-situ stress conditions, the engineering case of No.13 coal seam with a buried depth of 1 000 m in Zhujixi Mine was taken as the research background. Theoretical analysis, FLAC3D numerical simulation and field industrial test were combined to study the stability control of surrounding rock in deep roadways. It was revealed by the research that the peak shear stress of surrounding rock was increased nonlinearly with the rise of buried depth, and the plastic zone was extended significantly into the deep rock mass. The stress concentration zone was evolved from annular shape to crescent shape and even butterfly shape with the increase of lateral pressure coefficient, and the failure of surrounding rock was aggravated. On this basis, a combined control concept of "surrounding rock modification - collaborative support" was put forward, and a collaborative support scheme of "shotcrete + metal mesh + high-strength bolt + floor inverted arch" was designed. It was shown by engineering monitoring that after the optimized support was adopted, the cumulative convergence of roof-to-floor and two sidewalls of the roadway was controlled at about 210 mm and 150 mm respectively, and the deformation of surrounding rock was effectively controlled.