To address the dual challenges of goaf subsidence control and carbon emission reduction in coal mining, a composite material with functions of backfilling reinforcement and co2 sequestration based on coal-based solid wastes was developed in this study. material properties of coal gangue, fly ash, cement and carbon molecular sieves were characterized. a three-factor three-level orthogonal test method was adopted to investigate the influences of cement/coal gangue mass ratio, fly ash content and carbon molecular sieve content on the mechanical properties, permeability characteristics and co2 adsorption capacity of the material. the results showed that the cement/coal gangue mass ratio was found to exert significant effects on compressive strength and permeability, and the content of carbon molecular sieves was identified as the decisive factor controlling co2 adsorption capacity. a material performance classification system was established based on data from nine groups of orthogonal tests, and materials were classified into balance-coordinated type, sequestration-dominated type and structure-dominated type. theoretical basis and technical support were provided by this study for the application of coal-based solid wastes in the collaborative treatment integrating goaf backfilling and co2 sequestration.