With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, heavy metal pollution in soil has become the most common environmental problem, which poses a great threat to the environment and human health. The commonly used evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution at home and abroad, such as the Nemero comprehensive pollution index method, the land accumulation index method, and the potential ecological hazard index method were introduced. Combined with the focus of several methods, the analysis of the study area can be more accurately reflected by combining different methods as much as possible. By combining human health and risk assessment, it is possible to analyze whether heavy metals cause harm to the human body, and to better take prevention and control measures against risk factors.