With the development of coal industry, coal mine accidents occurred frequently, many of which were caused by hidden disaster-causing factors. In order to reduce the probability of accidents, ensure the safety of miners ' lives and improve the level of coal mine safety production, it was of great significance to carry out the survey of hidden disaster-causing factors in coal mines. In this paper, Mengjiayao Coal Mine in Shanxi Province was taken as the research object. Through field investigation and data collection, the hidden disaster-causing factors of coal mines were identified, which not only strengthened the geological work of coal mines, but also provided a basis for effectively preventing coal mine accidents. The results showed that faults, fissures, folds, goaf, abandoned old kilns and poorly sealed boreholes were hidden disaster-causing factors. These were not hidden disaster-causing factor in the mine including collapse column, ancient riverbed erosion zone, skylight and other unfavorable geological bodies, and rock burst.