Aiming at the problems of low positioning accuracy, backward technology and old equipment of underground personnel positioning system in Xinwei Coal Mine, a set of high-precision underground personnel positioning system is designed. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the existing system of Xinwei Coal Mine, the UWB positioning technology is used to carry out the overall scheme design and key module research of the new underground personnel positioning system, and the practical application is carried out in Xinwei Coal Mine. The results show that the system runs normally, and can count and display the number of underground personnel and personnel distribution in real time and accurately. The accuracy and intelligence of the personnel positioning system are significantly improved, and the application effect is good.