The physical characteristics and molecular structure evolution characteristics of different coal grades and different deformation types and metamorphic degrees of a certain coal grade were analyzed comprehensively. Scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and Fourier infrared spectroscopy were used for structural analysis methods, mercury-injection, low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, and isothermal adsorption desorption, and other gas-based experimental testing techniques were adopted to analyze the ultrafine voids of structural coals of different coal grades, different deformation types, and metamorphic degrees. The evolution characteristics of the structure and gas occurrence characteristics were comprehensively analyzed, and the evolution mechanism in different coal-grade tectonic coal structures was analyzed, as well as the gas control characteristics such as the pore structure, adsorption and desorption of tectonic coal, and the gas occurrence and prominent control mechanisms; The methods of analysis of associated elements in coal and calculation of pore compression coefficient were applied to the study of tectonic coal. The structural dynamic effects of element occurrence and the evolution characteristics of pore compression coefficient of tectonic coal and their controlling effects on gas drainage were systematically analyzed.