采空区形成后会破坏原有地应力平衡，易引发顶板塌陷、地层裂隙发育及地表下沉等地质问题，其中埋深 200 m 以浅的表浅层小窑采空区，一直是地震勘探识别的技术难题。为实现浅表未知采空区的精准探测，本文以国能榆林能源有限责任公司郭家湾煤矿为研究区，采用高分辨率三维地震勘探方法，结合地震属性技术分析浅表异常区与疑似采空区的地震反射特征，并通过钻探进行验证。结果表明，地震剖面圈定的采空区均被钻探证实，研究总结出两类浅表采空区典型地震反射特征，可为浅表采空区探测研究及三维地震识别应用提供理论依据。
The formation of goaf would destroy the original in-situ stress balance, which was easy to cause geological problems such as roof collapse, strata fracture development and surface subsidence. Among them, the shallow small kiln goaf with a buried depth of less than 200 m was always a technical problem in seismic exploration and identification. In order to realize the accurate detection of shallow unknown goaf, this paper took Guojiawan Coal Mine of Guoneng Yulin Energy Co., Ltd. as the research area, adopted high-resolution three-dimensional seismic exploration method, and combined seismic attribute technology to analyze the seismic reflection characteristics of shallow abnormal areas and suspected goaf, and verified them through drilling. The results showed that the goaf delineated by seismic profiles were confirmed by drilling. The study summarized the typical seismic reflection characteristics of two types of shallow goaf, which could provide a theoretical basis for the detection study of shallow goaf and the application of three-dimensional seismic identification application.
