The distribution characteristics of surrounding rock stress and displacement are crucial for efficient mine pressure prevention. super-long coal mining face of Zhujiamao Mine was taken as the engineering background, FLAC3D and 3DEC numerical simulation software was used to establish a refined three-dimensional numerical model for analyzing surrounding rock stress and displacement across different mining stages. Results indicated that, near the goaf side, vertical stress gradually increased, with high stress concentration in the middle of the coal mining face. It exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity. In addition, the displacement of overlying strata gradually increased as the coal mining face advances, which manifested as a trend of slow increase-accelerated increase-stabilization over time. The surrounding rock displacement near the goaf area was significantly higher than these in other regions and extended toward the surface. These findings provided important guidance for surrounding rock stability analysis and risk assessment in coal seam mining.