In order to study the influence of deep coal seam mining on the spontaneous combustion of residual coal in goaf, the characteristics of coal spontaneous combustion under complex oxidation conditions were studied for four kinds of high stress coal in Zaozhuang mining area, Yanzhou mining area, Feicheng mining area and Linyi mining area in Shandong Province. The results show that the deep coal seam coal sample produces CO in the early stage of spontaneous combustion, and the pre-oxidation treatment significantly improves the oxidation activity, resulting in a significant increase in the release of CO and C2H4 during the secondary oxidation process, and the release of C2H4 is advanced. The analysis shows that the deep mining environment has a certain role in promoting the coal oxidation process. The main reason why the residual coal in deep coal seam is more prone to spontaneous combustion is its special occurrence environment. High ground temperature accelerates molecular movement and dissociation of active functional groups, and high ground stress increases micro-fractures and pores, which provides more active sites for oxidation reaction. Therefore, the influence of ground temperature and ground stress should be fully considered in deep coal seam mining, the gas monitoring in goaf should be strengthened, and targeted measures should be taken to prevent spontaneous combustion of residual coal.