Aiming at the problem of large deformation of the whole section in the 469 ~ 675 m section of the belt roadway in Shanxi Shouyang Luyang Ruilong Coal Industry, the failure mechanism of the surrounding rock of the roadway is systematically studied by means of laboratory experiments, field peeping, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, and the support optimization scheme is designed. The research shows that the failure range of the surrounding rock roof and two sides of the roadway is 2.0 ~ 2.6 m and 0.4 ~ 1.9 m respectively, which is mainly affected by the soft roof mudstone, floor heave and mining stress. Based on FLAC-3D numerical simulation and theoretical calculation, a combined support scheme of anchor rod-anchor cable-I-steel pair shed-sprayed concrete is proposed. After field application, the roof of the roadway did not separate, the height of the floor heave was less than 200 mm, and the shrinkage of the two sides did not exceed 500 mm, which effectively guaranteed the safe and efficient mining of the 150105 working face. The research results provided technical reference for roadway reinforcement design under similar geological conditions.