With the increasing of mining depth, mine thermal disaster has become a major problem restricting the rapid development of mining industry, which seriously endangers the physical and mental health of employees. Based on the above problems, aiming at the problems of poor working environment and poor ventilation effect in high-temperature single-head roadway, taking Pingdingshan No.10 Coal Mine as the engineering background, through the establishment of roadway ventilation and cooling geometric model, orthogonal test was designed, and numerical simulation software was used to construct non-steady-state model to explore the influence of different air inlet diameter, air inlet temperature, air inlet speed and excavation face depth on roadway temperature field and temperature at monitoring points. Under different ventilation time, there is no obvious relationship between the average temperature of the fluid domain and the temperature of the monitoring point. Through the analysis of the temperature field, the high inlet temperature and the small inlet diameter will cause the low temperature area to be far away from the tunneling surface, and the cooling effect is poor. The range analysis shows that the optimal combination of the average temperature of the fluid domain and the temperature of the monitoring point is the same. The inlet diameter has the greatest influence on the two, and the inlet velocity has the least influence. Increasing the diameter of the air inlet can achieve the purpose of rapid cooling, and reducing the air inlet temperature can first reduce the overall temperature in the roadway.