In view of the serious deformation and damage of gob-side entry in thin coal seams, the tight mining and excavation succession, and the problem of resource loss caused by a large number of remaining coal pillars, the geological conditions of No. 1515 Face of Shandong Energy Northwest Mining Yongming Coal Mine was taken as the research background, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and on-site measurement methods were adopted to optimize the filling body and key support parameters along the empty lane. The research results showed that the mine pressure behavior was intense under the original support of gob-side entry retaining in thin coal seams. The phenomenon of mesh pocket at the sidewall was obvious. Anchor bolts and cables generally failed. The serious deformation problem of goaf retaining roadway of thin coal seam was significantly improved after the optimization of the roof anchor cable parameters and the key support of the cantilever beam after cutting the top, and the support optimization scheme had good reference significance for the stability control of the same type of retaining roadway.