In response to the problem of deformation and failure of the original support method under the influence of tectonic stress in the main return air roadway of No.12 mining area of Heilong Coal Industry, various methods such as theoretical analysis and numerical simulation were used to analyze and study the deformation control technology of the roadway surrounding rock, determine the deformation mechanism of the roadway surrounding rock, and design classified support plans based on the original support plan for different degrees of surrounding rock damage. For areas with severe damage, grouting anchor cables were used for reinforcement, and reinforcement anchor cables were applied for support in areas with slight damage. Through multi-stage simulation of vertical stress and displacement fields, the optimization plan could effectively improve the stress state of the roadway, control the deformation of the surrounding rock, improve the stability of the support area, reduce the cost of mine support, reduce the repair cycle of the roadway, and ensure safe and efficient production of the working face.