Aiming at the problems of complex hydrogeological conditions and difficult exploration of hidden water abundance structures in No.13 coal seam roof of No.23110 Face in Xiegou Coal Mine, a well-ground combined dual magnetic source stereo detection technology was proposed. This method combined the advantages of high transmission power of large ground wireframe, large detection depth and high resolution of underground multi-turn small loop, and constructed a complementary and enhanced detection system. The numerical simulation based on the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method showed that compared with the single excitation mode, the synchronous excitation of dual magnetic sources had unique electromagnetic response characteristics to the low-resistivity water-bearing body of the coal seam roof, which could effectively identify the water-bearing anomaly. The results of engineering application showed that seven low-resistance anomaly areas were delineated by ground detection, and three anomalies were identified by underground multi-directional detection. Among them, the three were highly consistent in space, which verified the reliability of the detection results.