In order to understand the reasons for the low gas content of each coal seam in the Yuzhou mine area, a quantitative analysis of the microscopic components and pore characteristics of the coal reservoir was carried out from a microscopic perspective. The results showed that each main mining seam and coal type in the mining area was dominated by the inert group and the mirror group, especially the inert group with less gas potential, and the content exceeded 50% except for 1 coal; the pores and fissures of each coal seam were relatively developed, and the development of pores provided a good space for gas storage, the development of fissures provided a channel for gas escape. The analysis concluded that the low gas content of each coal seam in Yuzhou Mine was caused by both the decrease of gas micro-fraction due to the high content of inert group in coal reservoir and the development of fissures in coal seam which was not conducive to the preservation of gas.