After the damage of coal seam goaf and the roof, the seismic time profile must reflect the weakening, interruption or disappearance of the reflected wave group, and the irregular damage at the top of the coal seam would produce different low frequency interference. These rules can be used as a marker to identify the existence of a goaf. Houcun Mine was taken as an example, the distribution range of coal mine goaf and the status of goaf and overburden were determined through 3D seismic exploration, and the distribution of roadway was analyzed.