The market scale, import and export status of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in China were systematically analyzed. Domestic conventional PVA production capacity is in oversupply, leading to fierce market competition, while high-end products still rely on imports (presenting significant import substitution potential). In the future, the domestic PVA industry will enter a new round of capacity expansion: it was estimated that the new high-end PVA production capacity will exceed 310,000 tons during 2025~2027, with the core objective of breaking through the supply bottlenecks in the high-end market. Comparing with conventional PVA, optical-grade PVA is a cross-disciplinary and complex technical product at the intersection of fine chemicals and high-end display materials. It boasts the core technical characteristics of "high precision, high sensitivity, and high synergy," making its production control significantly more demanding than that of conventional PVA equipment. Based on multi-dimensional industry data and technical feasibility analysis. It was proposed that the industry should prudently advance new PVA construction and expansion projects in the future, focusing on technological breakthroughs in high-end products and differentiated layout strategies.