As a basic and extensive energy resource, coal has the characteristics of complexity and diversity, which increases the difficulty of application of washing technology. In order to improve the suitability of washing technology, this paper analyzes the coal composition, calorific value and particle size distribution based on the characteristics of coal, and studies forward the principle and limitation of traditional washing technology. The improvement measures of washing technology suitability for coal composition and calorific value and how to integrate intelligent technology into washing technology are put forward. The results show that the integration of intelligent technology has improved the washing technology in terms of operation efficiency, quality control and response to coal quality changes. On the basis of increasing the coal washing rate, the high purity and consistency of coal are realized, which is conducive to the green, healthy and sustainable development of the coal industry.