In order to explore the coal quality characteristics and coal-forming paleoenvironment of the Carboniferous Taiyuan Formation and Permian Shanxi Formation coal seams, the coal samples of each coal seam in Majialiang Mine were collected and analyzed from the aspects of coal petrographic characteristics, chemical properties and technological properties. The results show that the macroscopic coal rock types of coal samples from No.4 and No.5 coal seams are mainly semi-dark coal, followed by dim coal and a small amount of semi-bright coal. The macroscopic coal rock types of coal samples in No.6, No.8 and No.9 coal seams are mainly semi-dark coal, followed by semi-bright coal, and a small amount of dim coal. The macerals of each coal seam are mainly vitrinite and inertinite, followed by semi-vitrinite and exinite. Each coal seam is medium ash and high volatile coal, No.4 coal seam is low sulfur coal, No.5 and No.9 coal seams are medium sulfur coal, No.6 coal seam is medium high sulfur coal, and No.8 coal seam is high sulfur coal. By analyzing the coal quality characteristics of each coal seam, it is determined that the No.8, No.6 and No.9 coal seams are water-entering processes, and their coal-forming environment is a strong reducing environment of mire and swamp affected by seawater ; the No.5 and No.4 coal seams are in the process of water regression, and the coal-forming environment is a weak reduction environment of continental swamp. It provides a theoretical basis for coal quality analysis, mining and comprehensive utilization of coal resources in other mine fields in Shuonan mining area in the future.