Under the condition of deep mining, the occurrence conditions of coal mines are complex. When there are synclines, anticlines, faults and other structures, the difficulty of water prevention and control increases nonlinearly. In order to deeply analyzed the influence of structure under deep mining, taking the No.15249N Face of Jiulong Mine as the engineering background, the passing through syncline stage was studied from the aspects of microseismic plane distribution, vertical extension, energy density and other parameters. The results showed that the microseismic technology could effectively capture the fracture signal of coal and rock mass in the structural area. The event frequency, plane distribution and vertical development were obviously affected by the syncline structure. Therefore, in different mining stages of the working face, different characteristics were presented due to the change of geological conditions. When it was close to the syncline axis, the proportion of roof events increased, and the degree of fracture deformation of the overlying surrounding rock at the syncline axis was large. The events near the mining line were more distributed in the two wings of the syncline, and the events in the shaft floor were less, and the accumulated energy was small ; from the distribution of floor events, it showed a ' unimodal skewed ' distribution, which was different from the normal non-structural area. The floor failure depth based on microseism monitoring was 42 m, which was about 50 % larger than that of the non-structural area. It could be concluded that the structural area was the key area for floor water prevention and control.