Mastery of roadway surrounding rock deformation and destruction rule of development was a prerequisite for reasonable roadway supporting, anchor support can effectively solve the deep well engineering of soft rock tunnel surrounding rock stability. Based on the elastic-plastic deformation of roadway surrounding rock features, soft rock tunnel grout-cable and rock mass deformation and failure law of development were studied, research showed that the bolt-grouting depth was equal to the original rock fractured zone thickness, the grout-cable and rock mass after deformation of surrounding rock formed bolt-grouting fractured zone, plastic zone and elastic zone partition deformation characteristics of partition, which formed deformation nested structure with the original rock fractured zone.