In order to improve the recovery rate of coal resources and make full use of the existing coal resources, the layout of the working face and the fully mechanized top coal caving mining in the case of the complex geological conditions with poor adaptability and bad environment was studied. The application of the process shows that the economic value of fully mechanized long wall top coal caving technology is proved by the comparison of different schemes. The experience of docking and rotary mining technology and safe production management of fully mechanized top coal caving face was carried out. The results show that the comprehensive utilization of fully mechanized caving technology can complete the recovery of coal resources and greatly improve the recovery rate of coal resources.