Underground locomotive monitoring system based on wireless video was researched, which used wireless video recording and signal transmitting technology, photoelectric conversion technology of wireless video receiving substation and optical fiber transmission technique for real-time monitoring locomotive. Camcorder and vehicle wireless video transmitter were installed in locomotive head near railway track. Firstly, locomotive information was recorded by camcorder in locomotive operation, then, collected pattern information was sent from vehicle wireless video transmitter to wireless video receiving substation, finally, the information was transmitted through optical fiber transmission to server for display and storage. With this system, underground locomotive monitoring work could be more flexible, accurate and efficient.