The study of chiral medicine has been one of the new trends of the world’s medicine research. Ethambutol dihydrochloride was synthesized by chiral ethambutol as the important intermediate.The N-alkylation reaction of S-2-amino-1-butanol and 1,2-dichloroethane was the most common method of preparing ethambutol.The analogous of ethambutol was synthesized with R-2-amino-1-butanol and 1,6-dibromhexan as raw materials,and its chain was longer than ethambutol's. Furthermore this experiment was optimized and the best reaction conditions was obtained. The yield was 17.2% when  the ratio of the raw materials was 1∶16(1,6-dibromhexan to R-2-amino-1-butanol) and the reaction time was 6 hours. Because ethambutol dihydrochloride was an antituberculous agent , the hydrochloride, nitrate and the sulfate of the analogous were synthesized respectively. It needs be further validated whether these compounds are able to resist the tuberculosis.