In order to solve the problem of field processing of sinking holes in the process of general rail transformation, this paper takes the No.15 coal machine-rail integrated roadway of Kaiyuan Mining Co., Ltd.of Yangquan Coal Group as an example to design a special pneumatic drilling machine for general rail transformation. In-depth analysis of the connection problem of the track splint in the general rail reconstruction scheme is carried out, and the difficulties of processing the sinking hole on site are pointed out. According to this difficulty, the design idea of the special drilling machine is expounded, and the overall structure of the whole machine structure of the drilling machine is designed. The detailed structural design and functional design of the key components, such as the power mechanism, the clamping mechanism, the propulsion mechanism and the protective cooling device are carried out. The pneumatic drilling machine designed in this paper has been tested in the field, and the use effect is good, which achieves the design purpose and improves the efficiency of the common rail transformation.