In order to study the overburden damage and mining stress distribution characteristics and its evolution law, with the background of 20101 comprehensive mining face of Dujiagou mine, the model of the mining face was established through FLAC3D finite element numerical simulation software, and the evolution characteristics of overburden damage and mining stress distribution of the working face were studied. The results showed that as the working face advanced forward, a stable pressure arch was formed in the roof surrounding rock; the overhead support pressure was stable at about 25 m in front of the working face, and the tangential stress curve of the overburden of the working face showed that the overhead support pressure varied greatly when it was not fully mined, and gradually tended to be stable when it was fully mined.