In order to effectively prevent and control the spontaneous combustion of goaf in coal mining face due to the oxidation of residual coal and reduce the safety risk of mine production, by studying the distribution and occurrence law of oxygen concentration, CO concentration, temperature distribution and other toxic and harmful symbolic gases in goaf, combined with the multi-field coupling numerical simulation technology of spontaneous combustion, the ' three zones ' of spontaneous combustion in goaf are accurately and reasonably evaluated and divided. The range of heat dissipation zone on the side of air intake roadway is 0~24.5 m, the range of oxidation zone is 24.5~78.2 m, and the depth of more than 78.2 m is the asphyxia zone. The range of the heat dissipation zone on the side of the return airway is 0~12.1 m, and the range of the oxidation zone is 12.1~32.6 m. More than 32.6 m is the suffocation zone in the deep part, and the minimum monthly advance safety distance of the working face is calculated to be 18.73 m, which effectively prevents and controls the safety impact caused by spontaneous combustion in the goaf, and has a significant effect.