This paper took No.4305 Face of Yangcheng Coal Mine in Hangang coalfield as the research object, focusing on the challenging issue of roof water disaster encountered during mining under thin bedrock, a series of xploration, prevention, and control technologies were developed. By adopting an comprehensive exploration technology system of "sky-ground-well" integration, including precise measurement of the "two zones" through combined uphole/downhole drilling by the end of a "borehole double-end sealing and leakage detection device", targeted ground drilling supplementary exploration and stratified pumping tests, as well as coupled exploration using "three types of geophysical exploration and targeted drilling" after the working face was connected, key disaster-causing factors were accurately identified including the water abundance of the Quaternary aquifer, the roof and floor sandstone aquifers and the faults, the distribution of aquifuge and the hydraulic connection. Based on the exploration results, "dynamic zoning and thickness-limiting mining" was proposed innovatively. By setting up differentiated waterproof coal and rock pillars and implementing a strict " mining without pumping" process in weak bedrock areas, the development height of the water conduction fracture zone was effectively controlled. This technology liberated approximately 60,000 tons of coal resources threatened by water disaster, maximized safe mining and economic benefits, and provided systematic technical methods and practical basis for water disaster prevention and control in working faces with similar conditions.