In order to achieve effective analysis of the advanced seismic detection signals during excavation and improve the credibility of the interpretation effect, combined with the current research results on the processing methods of pulse signals, interference methods such as cross-correlation, mutual interference and deconvolution were adopted to extract and analyze the seismic wave field signals similar to those generated during the excavation of the roadblock. After filtering out the noise waves of ineffective interference, the clear and accurate characteristic source signal spectrum was obtained. After the offset imaging processing, the specific range area where the geological structure anomaly body and the surrounding rock fracture zone exist before the excavation could be intuitively reflected. After on-site detection and verification in the transportation roadway of No.1201 Face of Liangdu Coal Industry, the exposed location of the surrounding rock fracture area of the roof was 270-273m during the excavation mileage. It was not much different from the mileage of the detection and forecast area of 270-276 meters, had a relatively high detection accuracy, and achieved precise underground detection.