In order to analyze the characteristics of instantaneous frequency of seismic signals, this paper focused on three kinds of calculation methods of instantaneous frequency of seismic signals ( Hilbert transform, wavelet transform, Hilbert-Huang transform ), and obtained the instantaneous frequency of seismic signals by comparing the three calculation methods. And the advantages or disadvantages of different calculation methods in the process of extracting the instantaneous frequency of seismic signals were analyzed, so as to obtain more reliable information of underground structures and geological anomalies according to the seismic instantaneous attribute data. The results showed that the Hilbert-Huang transform was the most effective method to calculate the instantaneous frequency of seismic signals in the three methods of calculating the instantaneous frequency of seismic signals. It could decompose any seismic signal into several intrinsic mode signals, thus giving a reasonable meaning to the instantaneous frequency. At the same time, the Hilbert instantaneous characteristic of the signal was considered, the analysis of the instantaneous frequency was relatively perfectly completed.