Through the preliminary investigation and exploration of the hydrogeological situation of Fangezhuang Mine, the chemical characteristics of mine water were summarized by combining with the water quality test data. The hydrogeological conditions of Fangezhuang Mine were complex, and the water inrush sources were mainly divided into six categories. Thirty typical representative water samples were selected from the database as the hydrochemical samples of this study, and the conventional ion concentration comparison diagram of each main aquifer and the characteristic ion pie chart of each main aquifer were drawn. The chemical properties and characteristic ions of the main aquifers in Fangezhuang Mine were obtained by combining with the analysis of the two diagrams. Finally, the correctness of the conclusion was verified by the Piper three-line diagram. A basis for accurate and efficient identification of water inrush sources in Fangezhuang Mine were provided.